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7-2 DATA CONNECTIVITY — AN OVERVIEW
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DATA COMMUNICATIONS VARIABLES
Data terminal equipment (DTE) are devices where data originates and/or terminates. Host computer ports
and terminal ports usually function as DTEs. Your communications system can be used to switch data
originating or terminating at any of the following DTEs and networks (see figure 7-1):
• Terminals
• Personal computers (PCs)
• Hosts
• Local area networks (LANs) through gateways and bridges.
• Packet switches through external packet assembler/disassemblers (PADs).
How the connections are made varies depending upon the physical, electrical, and logical characteristics of
the transmission. That is, the suitability of a data connection always depends upon the transmission
characteristics of the originating and receiving devices and of the media through which the communications
must travel. To determine whether one DTE can communicate with another, you must consider the
transmission characteristics of the connection. That is, you must know:
• Whether the communications protocols (including the physical interface — RS-232C, RS-449, V.35,
and so forth) of the originating and terminating DTEs match
• Whether analog or digital facilities are being used for the connection
• Whether both DTEs are synchronous or asynchronous
• Whether the DTEs expect communication in the simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex mode
• Whether the information (bits) are transmitted in parallel or serially
• The speeds at which the DTEs operate
• The type of communications channels used in the connection
The transmission characteristics of the originating device or network must match those of the receiving
device or network unless a conversion device is placed in the communications path. Some of the needed
conversion is provided by data communication equipment (DCE), like modems and data modules. For
more complicated conversions, computers that perform as converters are placed in the communications
path.
Communications Protocols
When you design a communications path, you must consider three types of protocols:
• Protocols that originate and terminate at the data communications equipment (DCE) (like modems, data
modules, data service units [DSUs]). These DCE-created protocols prepare the signal for transmission
through the switch.
• Protocols that originate and terminate at the DTEs or networks. These protocols make the transmission
understandable to the destination DTE. If the originating DTE or network protocol and the destination
DTE or network protocol do not match, for the transmissions to be understandable, protocol converters,
terminal emulators, or network gateways (for example, routers and bridges) are placed in the
- Network and Data Connectivity 1
- CONTENTS 10
- CONTENTS xi 11
- ACCUNET Packet Service 8-22 12
- CONTENTS xiii 13
- CONTENTS xv 15
- ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT xix 19
- ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT 20
- INTRODUCTION TO CONNECTIVITY 22
- TRANSMISSION TYPES 23
- ANALOG TRANSMISSION 23
- DIGITAL TRANSMISSION 23
- 1-4 TRANSMISSION TYPES 24
- ANALOG VS. DIGITAL 25
- TRANSMISSION STATES 27
- VOICE TRANSMISSION 27
- Entering the Switch 27
- 1-8 TRANSMISSION STATES 28
- Exiting the Switch 29
- DIMENSION S75/G1 S85/G2 30
- DATA TRANSMISSION 31
- Protocol Layers 31
- 1-12 TRANSMISSION STATES 32
- Protocols Used 33
- Protocol States 34
- Connectivity Rules 35
- MULTIPLEXED COMMUNICATION 37
- TYPES OF MULTIPLEXING 37
- Time-Division Multiplexing 37
- Statistical Multiplexing 38
- Line Coding 39
- Signal Inversion 41
- (Continued) 42
- Signaling 45
- Multiplexing onto T1 Trunks 49
- • 4-wire E&M trunks 51
- • DDS data-port adaptors 51
- • OCU data ports 51
- Multiplexing with Microwave 52
- Demultiplexing 52
- STATISTICAL MULTIPLEXING 54
- TRUNKING 55
- APPLICATION 55
- Local Exchange Trunks 55
- Tie Trunks 56
- Special-Access Trunks 57
- Auxiliary Trunks 57
- Miscellaneous Trunks 57
- CONNECTIVITY 58
- ADMINISTRATION OPTIONS 59
- System 85/G2 Administration 59
- • Line coding (ZCS or B8ZS) 61
- • Framing (D4 or ESF) 61
- • Mode 1 — 56 kbps channel 62
- TRUNKING 1-43 63
- 1-44 TRUNKING 64
- TRUNKING 1-45 65
- 1-46 TRUNKING 66
- TRUNKING 1-47 67
- 1-48 TRUNKING 68
- TRUNKING 1-49 69
- 1-50 TRUNKING 70
- TRUNKING 1-51 71
- 1-52 TRUNKING 72
- • Extension 84
- DIMENSION • • • • • • 90
- 3. TANDEM TIE TRUNK NETWORKS 93
- 3-2 TANDEM TIE TRUNK NETWORKS 94
- DIMENSIONs 101
- DIMENSION, System 85 105
- DIMENSION 120
- DIMENSION 12 120
- DIMENSION DCS 120
- DIMENSION, System 85, and 121
- DIMENSION, System 121
- DIMENSION 4 20 121
- DEFINITY Communications 123
- DIMENSION Signaling Links 132
- FEATURE FP8 R1 R2 R1 G1 G2 135
- DIMENSION PBX 136
- DIMENSION and 140
- DIMENSION PBX and 142
- __________________ 150
- DTE CONNECTIONS 157
- DTE COMPATIBILITY 157
- Protocol Converters 157
- Terminal Emulators 158
- PC/PBX or PC/ISDN 158
- DCE POSSIBILITIES 159
- Data Modules 159
- DATA MODULE CHARACTERISTICS 160
- DTE CONNECTIONS 8-7 161
- DTE CONNECTIONS 8-9 163
- MODEM POOLING CONNECTIONS 164
- 8-12 DTE CONNECTIONS 166
- LAN TOPOLOGY 167
- LAN PROTOCOL 167
- LAN TRANSMISSION MEDIA 168
- LAN CONNECTORS 168
- • Electronic messaging 175
- • Electronic order exchange 175
- • File transfers 175
- ACCUNET Packet Service 176
- MPDM/M1* 177
- PRIVATE DATA NETWORKS 180
- THE ISDN GATEWAY 185
- DATA NETWORK ADMINISTRATION 189
- A. RELATED DOCUMENTS 199
- RELATED DOCUMENTS 200
- RELATED DOCUMENTS A-3 201
- RELATED DOCUMENTS A-5 203
- RELATED DOCUMENTS A-7 205
- RELATED DOCUMENTS A-9 207
- A-10 RELATED DOCUMENTS 208
- DEFINITY 217
- • Type I Interface 246
- DIMENSION PBX switches 250
- DIMENSION PBX with LC08 256
- MEGACOM Service 260
- * DTS = Dial Tone Start 263
- COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS 274
- D-4 COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS 276
- COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS D-5 277
- D-6 COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS 278
- COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS D-7 279
- • Basic rate interface (BRI) 282
- COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS D-11 283
- COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS D-15 287
- VARIABLE LENGTH 287
- • RLR — remote loop request 288
- PARAMETER DCP ISDN-BRI 289
- COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS D-19 291
- E. LEAD DEFINITIONS 293
- CIRCUIT CIRCUIT 294
- LEAD DEFINITIONS 296
- CIRCUIT OUTPUT 297
- CIRCUIT CIRCUIT OUTPUT 298
- NO. PLUS 299
- 7404D MPDM MTDM (NOTE 1) 299
- ABBREVIATIONS 307
- DATAPHONE digital service 308
- DIMENSION) 309
- ACCUNET Service 311
- AB-6 ABBREVIATIONS 312
- GLOSSARY 313
- GLOSSARY GL-3 315
- GLOSSARY GL-5 317
- GLOSSARY GL-7 319
- GLOSSARY GL-9 321
- GLOSSARY GL-11 323
- GLOSSARY GL-13 325
- GLOSSARY GL-15 327
- GLOSSARY GL-17 329
- GLOSSARY GL-19 331
- GLOSSARY GL-21 333
- GLOSSARY GL-23 335
- INDEX IN-3 339
- INDEX IN-5 341
- DIMENSION 2-6 342
- INDEX IN-7 343
- MEGACOM 1-37 344
- MEGACOM 800 1-37 344
- INDEX IN-9 345
- ACCUNET 1-37 347
- IN-12 INDEX 348
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